EU Inc · Regulation text

EU Inc Regulation, Chapters X to XII

Part 4 of 4 of the Commission proposal (COM(2026) 321): Chapters X to XII, Articles 88 to 109. Each article shows the Council's change, with the Council text under it where the mandate marks changes.

  • Proposal, not law
  • Commission proposal: 18 Mar 2026
  • Council mandate: agreed 23 Oct 2026
  • Parliament: no committee vote yet
  • Updated 11 Nov 2026
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Badges show what the Council mandate of 23 Oct 2026 did to each article: amendednewdeletedunchanged

Chapter X

Insolvency proceedings

Council: chapter deleted

Article 88Scope of application of the simplified winding-up of EU Inc. innovative startups

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Council: deleted

In plain words. Commission Chapter X (Arts 88 to 102): a simplified winding-up for insolvent innovative startups, with electronic auctions of assets. Council: the whole chapter is deleted, leaving insolvency to national law.

1. This Chapter applies to EU Inc. companies which are innovative startups.

2. For the purposes of this Chapter, innovative startup means an EU Inc. company that fulfils the criteria set out in [PO: reference to Proposal for a Commission Recommendation on the definition of innovative enterprises, startups and high-growth scaleups, C (2026) 1800].

Council text (23 Oct 2026): article struck out

1. This Chapter applies to EU Inc. companies which are innovative startups.

2. For the purposes of this Chapter, innovative startup means an EU Inc. company that fulfils the criteria set out in [PO: reference to Proposal for a Commission Recommendation on the definition of innovative enterprises, startups and high-growth scaleups, C (2026) 1800].

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 89Rules on winding-up of innovative startups

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Council: deleted

1. Insolvent EU Inc. innovative startups may request the opening of simplified winding-up proceedings in accordance with this Chapter.

2. An EU Inc. innovative startup shall be deemed insolvent for the purposes of simplified winding-up proceedings when it is generally unable to pay its debts as they mature. Member States shall set out clear, simple and easily ascertainable conditions under which an EU Inc. innovative startup is deemed to be generally unable to pay its debts as they mature.

Council text (23 Oct 2026): article struck out

1. Insolvent EU Inc. innovative startups may request the opening of simplified winding-up proceedings in accordance with this Chapter.

2. An EU Inc. innovative startup shall be deemed insolvent for the purposes of simplified winding-up proceedings when it is generally unable to pay its debts as they mature. Member States shall set out clear, simple and easily ascertainable conditions under which an EU Inc. innovative startup is deemed to be generally unable to pay its debts as they mature.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 90Insolvency practitioner

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Council: deleted

1. An insolvency practitioner within the meaning of Article 2, point (5), of Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council shall be appointed when simplified winding-up proceedings are opened.

2. By way of derogation from paragraph 1, the debtor, a creditor or a group of creditors may request that an insolvency practitioner is not appointed provided that the EU Inc. innovative startup demonstrates that it has an up-to-date current balance sheet and that it has submitted its most recent required annual statement to the relevant national authorities.

Council text (23 Oct 2026): article struck out

1. An insolvency practitioner within the meaning of Article 2, point (5), of Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council shall be appointed when simplified winding-up proceedings are opened.

2. By way of derogation from paragraph 1, the debtor, a creditor or a group of creditors may request that an insolvency practitioner is not appointed provided that the EU Inc. innovative startup demonstrates that it has an up-to-date current balance sheet and that it has submitted its most recent required annual statement to the relevant national authorities.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 91Means of communication

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Council: deleted

In simplified winding-up proceedings, all communications between the court or the competent authority, the insolvency practitioner and the parties to such proceedings are carried out by digital means.

Council text (23 Oct 2026): article struck out

In simplified winding-up proceedings, all communications between the court or the competent authority, the insolvency practitioner and the parties to such proceedings are carried out by digital means.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 92Request for the opening of simplified winding-up proceedings

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Council: deleted

1. An insolvent EU Inc. innovative startup or any creditor of the insolvent EU Inc. innovative startup can submit a request for the opening of simplified winding-up proceedings to a court or a competent authority.

2. The request for the opening of simplified winding-up proceedings shall be submitted using a standard form. The representation by a lawyer or another legal professional shall not be compulsory.

3. The standard form referred to in paragraph 2 shall contain at least the following information:

(a) where an EU Inc. innovative startup is a legal person, the debtor’s name, registration number, registered office or, if different, postal address;

(b) if an EU Inc. innovative startup is an entrepreneur, the debtor’s name, registration number, if any, and postal address or, where the address is protected, the debtor's place and date of birth;

(c) a list of the assets of the EU Inc. innovative startup;

(d) name, address or other contact details of creditors of the EU Inc. innovative startup, as known at the time of the submission of the request,

(e) the list of the claims against the EU Inc. innovative startup and, for each claim, its amount specifying the principal and, where applicable, interest and the date on which it arose and the date on which it became due, if different;

(f) if security in rem or a reservation of title is alleged in respect of a certain claim and, if so, what assets are covered by the security interest.

4. The Commission shall establish the standard form referred to in paragraph 3 by means of implementing acts by [PO: the last day of the 24th month after the date of entry into force of this Regulation]. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 107(3).

Council text (23 Oct 2026): article struck out

1. An insolvent EU Inc. innovative startup or any creditor of the insolvent EU Inc. innovative startup can submit a request for the opening of simplified winding-up proceedings to a court or a competent authority.

2. The request for the opening of simplified winding-up proceedings shall be submitted using a standard form. The representation by a lawyer or another legal professional shall not be compulsory.

3. The standard form referred to in paragraph 2 shall contain at least the following information:

(a) where an EU Inc. innovative startup is a legal person, the debtor’s name, registration number, registered office or, if different, postal address;

(b) if an EU Inc. innovative startup is an entrepreneur, the debtor’s name, registration number, if any, and postal address or, where the address is protected, the debtor's place and date of birth;

(c) a list of the assets of the EU Inc. innovative startup;

(d) name, address or other contact details of creditors of the EU Inc. innovative startup, as known at the time of the submission of the request,

(e) the list of the claims against the EU Inc. innovative startup and, for each claim, its amount specifying the principal and, where applicable, interest and the date on which it arose and the date on which it became due, if different;

(f) if security in rem or a reservation of title is alleged in respect of a certain claim and, if so, what assets are covered by the security interest.

4. The Commission shall establish the standard form referred to in paragraph 3 by means of implementing acts by [PO: the last day of the 24th month after the date of entry into force of this Regulation]. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 107(3).

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 93Decision on the request for the opening of simplified winding-up proceedings

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Council: deleted

The court or the competent authority shall, without delay, take a decision on the request for the opening of simplified winding-up proceedings. as well as on the request, that an insolvency practitioner is not appointed as referred to in Article 90(2).

Council text (23 Oct 2026): article struck out

The court or the competent authority shall, without delay, take a decision on the request for the opening of simplified winding-up proceedings. as well as on the request, that an insolvency practitioner is not appointed as referred to in Article 90(2).

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 94Stay of individual enforcement actions

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Council: deleted

Debtors shall benefit from a stay of individual enforcement actions by operation of law or upon the decision of the court or the competent authority conducting those proceedings.

Council text (23 Oct 2026): article struck out

Debtors shall benefit from a stay of individual enforcement actions by operation of law or upon the decision of the court or the competent authority conducting those proceedings.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 95Lodgement and admission of claims

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Council: deleted

1. When simplified insolvency proceedings are opened, the insolvency practitioner, or in its absence, the debtor, shall prepare a list of creditors and claims.

2. The insolvency practitioner, or in its absence, the court or the competent authority shall inform all known creditors, by individual notices, of the list referred to in paragraph 1, indicating the time period for raising any objection or concern. The claims against the debtor indicated in the list shall be considered as lodged without any further action from the creditors concerned.

3. Any creditor may lodge claims not contained in the list referred to in paragraph 1 or raise objections or concerns on claims included in the list, within a period set in national law, which shall not exceed 30 days counting from the receipt of the individual notice referred to in the paragraph 2 or from the publication of the opening of simplified winding-up proceedings in the insolvency register referred to in Article 24 of Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council, whichever is the latest.

4. In the absence of any objection or concern by a creditor within the time period referred to in paragraph 2, a claim included in the list referred to in paragraph 1 is deemed to be undisputed and shall be definitively admitted as stated therein.

5. The disputed claims shall be dealt with promptly by the court or the competent authority. The court or competent authority may decide to continue the simplified winding-up proceedings with respect to undisputed claims.

Council text (23 Oct 2026): article struck out

1. When simplified insolvency proceedings are opened, the insolvency practitioner, or in its absence, the debtor, shall prepare a list of creditors and claims.

2. The insolvency practitioner, or in its absence, the court or the competent authority shall inform all known creditors, by individual notices, of the list referred to in paragraph 1, indicating the time period for raising any objection or concern. The claims against the debtor indicated in the list shall be considered as lodged without any further action from the creditors concerned.

3. Any creditor may lodge claims not contained in the list referred to in paragraph 1 or raise objections or concerns on claims included in the list, within a period set in national law, which shall not exceed 30 days counting from the receipt of the individual notice referred to in the paragraph 2 or from the publication of the opening of simplified winding-up proceedings in the insolvency register referred to in Article 24 of Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council, whichever is the latest.

4. In the absence of any objection or concern by a creditor within the time period referred to in paragraph 2, a claim included in the list referred to in paragraph 1 is deemed to be undisputed and shall be definitively admitted as stated therein.

5. The disputed claims shall be dealt with promptly by the court or the competent authority. The court or competent authority may decide to continue the simplified winding-up proceedings with respect to undisputed claims.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 96Decision on the procedure to be used

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Council: deleted

1. In simplified winding-up proceedings, once the insolvency estate has been established, the insolvency practitioner, or in its absence the debtor, shall proceed with the realisation of the assets and the distribution of the proceeds.

2. However, the court or the competent authority may take a decision on the closure of the simplified winding-up proceedings without any realisation of the assets, where any of the following conditions is fulfilled:

(a) there are no assets in the insolvency estate;

(b) the assets of the insolvency estate are of such a low value that it would not justify the costs or administrative burden involved by their sale and the distribution of the proceeds;

(c) the apparent value of encumbered assets is lower than the amount owed to the secured creditors and the court or the competent authority considers it justified to allow those secured creditors to take over the assets.

3. Where the insolvency practitioner proceeds with the realisation of the debtor’s assets as referred to in paragraph 1, the insolvency practitioner shall also specify the means of realisation of the assets. For the sale of an asset of the debtor, the insolvency practitioner shall use the electronic auction system referred to in Article 97, unless this is not appropriate in view of the nature of the asset or the circumstances of the proceedings.

Council text (23 Oct 2026): article struck out

1. In simplified winding-up proceedings, once the insolvency estate has been established, the insolvency practitioner, or in its absence the debtor, shall proceed with the realisation of the assets and the distribution of the proceeds.

2. However, the court or the competent authority may take a decision on the closure of the simplified winding-up proceedings without any realisation of the assets, where any of the following conditions is fulfilled:

(a) there are no assets in the insolvency estate;

(b) the assets of the insolvency estate are of such a low value that it would not justify the costs or administrative burden involved by their sale and the distribution of the proceeds;

(c) the apparent value of encumbered assets is lower than the amount owed to the secured creditors and the court or the competent authority considers it justified to allow those secured creditors to take over the assets.

3. Where the insolvency practitioner proceeds with the realisation of the debtor’s assets as referred to in paragraph 1, the insolvency practitioner shall also specify the means of realisation of the assets. For the sale of an asset of the debtor, the insolvency practitioner shall use the electronic auction system referred to in Article 97, unless this is not appropriate in view of the nature of the asset or the circumstances of the proceedings.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 97Electronic auction systems for the sale of the assets of the debtor

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Council: deleted

1. Each Member State shall ensure, by [PO: the last day of the 24th month after the date of entry into force of this Regulation] that one or several electronic auction platforms are established and maintained in its territory to be used for the purpose of the sale of the assets of the insolvency estate of the EU Inc. innovative startup in simplified winding-up proceedings.

2. Member States may extend the use of the electronic auction systems, as referred to in paragraph 1, to the sale of the debtor’s business or assets that are subject to other types of insolvency proceedings opened in their territory.

3. Member States shall ensure that the electronic auction platforms are accessible by all natural and legal persons with domicile or place of registration in their territory or in the territory of another Member State. Access to the auction system may be subject to electronic identification of the user, in which case persons with domicile or place of registration in another Member State shall be able to use electronic identification means, in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 910/2014.

Council text (23 Oct 2026): article struck out

1. Each Member State shall ensure, by [PO: the last day of the 24th month after the date of entry into force of this Regulation] that one or several electronic auction platforms are established and maintained in its territory to be used for the purpose of the sale of the assets of the insolvency estate of the EU Inc. innovative startup in simplified winding-up proceedings.

2. Member States may extend the use of the electronic auction systems, as referred to in paragraph 1, to the sale of the debtor’s business or assets that are subject to other types of insolvency proceedings opened in their territory.

3. Member States shall ensure that the electronic auction platforms are accessible by all natural and legal persons with domicile or place of registration in their territory or in the territory of another Member State. Access to the auction system may be subject to electronic identification of the user, in which case persons with domicile or place of registration in another Member State shall be able to use electronic identification means, in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 910/2014.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 98Interconnection of the electronic auction systems

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Council: deleted

1. The Commission shall establish a system for the interconnection of the national electronic auction systems as referred to in Article 97 by means of implementing acts to be adopted by [PO: the last day of the 36th month after the date of entry into force of this Regulation]. The system shall be composed of national electronic auction systems interconnected via the European e-Justice Portal, which shall serve as a central electronic access point in the system. The system shall provide, in all the official languages of the Union, information on all auction processes announced in national electronic auction platforms, enable the search among these auction processes and provide hyperlinks leading to the pages of the national systems where offers may be directly submitted.

2. The Commission shall lay down, by means of implementing acts, technical specifications and procedures necessary to provide for the interconnection of Member States’ national electronic auction systems, setting out:

(a) the technical specification or specifications defining the methods of communication and information exchange by digital means on the basis of the established interface specification for the system of interconnection of the electronic auction systems;

(b) the technical measures ensuring the minimum information technology security standards for communication and distribution of information within the system of interconnection of electronic auction systems;

(c) the minimum set of information that shall be made accessible through the central platform;

(d) the minimum criteria for the presentation of announced auction processes via the European e-Justice Portal;

(e) the minimum criteria for the search of announced auction processes via the European e-Justice Portal;

(f) minimum criteria for guiding the users to the platform of the national auction system of the Member State where they may submit their offers directly in the announced auction processes;

(g) the means and the technical conditions of availability of services provided by the system of interconnection;

(h) the use of the European unique identifier referred to in Article 16(1) of Directive (EU) 2017/1132,

(i) specification of which personal data can be accessed;

(j) data protection safeguards.

3. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 107.

Council text (23 Oct 2026): article struck out

1. The Commission shall establish a system for the interconnection of the national electronic auction systems as referred to in Article 97 by means of implementing acts to be adopted by [PO: the last day of the 36th month after the date of entry into force of this Regulation]. The system shall be composed of national electronic auction systems interconnected via the European e-Justice Portal, which shall serve as a central electronic access point in the system. The system shall provide, in all the official languages of the Union, information on all auction processes announced in national electronic auction platforms, enable the search among these auction processes and provide hyperlinks leading to the pages of the national systems where offers may be directly submitted.

2. The Commission shall lay down, by means of implementing acts, technical specifications and procedures necessary to provide for the interconnection of Member States’ national electronic auction systems, setting out:

(a) the technical specification or specifications defining the methods of communication and information exchange by digital means on the basis of the established interface specification for the system of interconnection of the electronic auction systems;

(b) the technical measures ensuring the minimum information technology security standards for communication and distribution of information within the system of interconnection of electronic auction systems;

(c) the minimum set of information that shall be made accessible through the central platform;

(d) the minimum criteria for the presentation of announced auction processes via the European e-Justice Portal;

(e) the minimum criteria for the search of announced auction processes via the European e-Justice Portal;

(f) minimum criteria for guiding the users to the platform of the national auction system of the Member State where they may submit their offers directly in the announced auction processes;

(g) the means and the technical conditions of availability of services provided by the system of interconnection;

(h) the use of the European unique identifier referred to in Article 16(1) of Directive (EU) 2017/1132,

(i) specification of which personal data can be accessed;

(j) data protection safeguards.

3. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 107.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 99Costs of establishing and interconnecting electronic auction systems

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Council: deleted

1. Each Member State shall bear the costs of establishing and adjusting its national electronic auction systems, as referred to in Article 97, to make them interoperable with the European e-Justice Portal, as well as the costs of administering, operating and maintaining those systems. This shall be without prejudice to the possibility to apply for grants to support such activities under the Union’s financial programmes.

2. The establishment, maintenance and future development of the system of interconnection of electronic auction systems as referred to in Article 51 shall be financed from the general budget of the Union.

Council text (23 Oct 2026): article struck out

1. Each Member State shall bear the costs of establishing and adjusting its national electronic auction systems, as referred to in Article 97, to make them interoperable with the European e-Justice Portal, as well as the costs of administering, operating and maintaining those systems. This shall be without prejudice to the possibility to apply for grants to support such activities under the Union’s financial programmes.

2. The establishment, maintenance and future development of the system of interconnection of electronic auction systems as referred to in Article 51 shall be financed from the general budget of the Union.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 100Responsibilities of the Commission in connection with the processing of personal data in the system of interconnection of electronic auction platforms

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Council: deleted

1. The Commission shall exercise the responsibilities of controller pursuant to Article 3(8) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 in accordance with its respective responsibilities defined in this Article.

2. The Commission shall define the necessary policies and apply the necessary technical solutions to fulfil its responsibilities within the scope of the function of controller.

3. The Commission shall implement the technical measures required to ensure the security of personal data while in transit, in particular the confidentiality and integrity of any transmission to and from the European e-Justice Portal.

4. With regard to the information from the interconnected national auction systems, no personal data relating to data subjects shall be stored in the European e-Justice Portal. All such data shall be stored in the national auction systems operated by the Member States or other bodies.

Council text (23 Oct 2026): article struck out

1. The Commission shall exercise the responsibilities of controller pursuant to Article 3(8) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 in accordance with its respective responsibilities defined in this Article.

2. The Commission shall define the necessary policies and apply the necessary technical solutions to fulfil its responsibilities within the scope of the function of controller.

3. The Commission shall implement the technical measures required to ensure the security of personal data while in transit, in particular the confidentiality and integrity of any transmission to and from the European e-Justice Portal.

4. With regard to the information from the interconnected national auction systems, no personal data relating to data subjects shall be stored in the European e-Justice Portal. All such data shall be stored in the national auction systems operated by the Member States or other bodies.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 101Sale of the assets by electronic auction

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Council: deleted

1. The electronic auction of assets of the insolvency estate in simplified winding-up proceedings shall be announced in due time in advance on the electronic auction platform referred to in Article 97.

2. The insolvency practitioner informs through individual notices all known creditors on the object, time and date of the electronic auction, as well as on the requirements to participate therein.

3. Any interested person is allowed to participate in the electronic auction and bid. Member States may, however, set out the conditions under which the debtor's existing shareholders or managers are authorised to participate.

Council text (23 Oct 2026): article struck out

1. The electronic auction of assets of the insolvency estate in simplified winding-up proceedings shall be announced in due time in advance on the electronic auction platform referred to in Article 97.

2. The insolvency practitioner informs through individual notices all known creditors on the object, time and date of the electronic auction, as well as on the requirements to participate therein.

3. Any interested person is allowed to participate in the electronic auction and bid. Member States may, however, set out the conditions under which the debtor's existing shareholders or managers are authorised to participate.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 102Decision on the closure of the simplified winding-up proceedings

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Council: deleted

1. The court or the competent authority shall take a decision on the closure of the simplified winding-up proceedings within six months after the submission of the request for the opening of the simplified winding-up proceedings. The deadline may be extended once, by a maximum of six months in case additional time is needed for the sale of the debtor’s business or assets, or for the distribution of proceeds. In the absence of such an extension or when the extended deadline expires, the procedure shall be automatically converted into an ordinary winding-up procedure.

2. Where the debtor is a legal person, the decision on the closure of the simplified winding-up proceedings shall trigger the relevant measures under national law leading to the dissolution of the legal personality of the EU Inc. innovative startup.

Council text (23 Oct 2026): article struck out

1. The court or the competent authority shall take a decision on the closure of the simplified winding-up proceedings within six months after the submission of the request for the opening of the simplified winding-up proceedings. The deadline may be extended once, by a maximum of six months in case additional time is needed for the sale of the debtor’s business or assets, or for the distribution of proceeds. In the absence of such an extension or when the extended deadline expires, the procedure shall be automatically converted into an ordinary winding-up procedure.

2. Where the debtor is a legal person, the decision on the closure of the simplified winding-up proceedings shall trigger the relevant measures under national law leading to the dissolution of the legal personality of the EU Inc. innovative startup.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Chapter XI

Prohibited requirements

Council title: Prohibitedrequirements and wholly artificial arrangements

Article 103List of prohibited requirements

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Council: amendedCouncil title: Non-discrimination and list of prohibited requirements

In plain words. Member States may not impose listed requirements on an EU Inc. registered in another Member State. Council: the scope of this non-discrimination provision is clarified.

1. Unless it is objectively justified and proportionate, Member States shall treat EU Inc. companies no less favourably than other limited liability companies formed in accordance with their national law in any aspect of their activities and operations.

2. A Member State shall not adopt or maintain any of the following with regard to EU Inc. companies whose registered office is in another Member State:

(a) without prejudice to the Union State aid rules, criteria that deny eligibility of those EU Inc. companies to public support in view of their place of headquarters in other Member States or that require those companies to dissolve and reestablish or to set up a subsidiary in order to become eligible;

(b) measures that impose an authorisation or other requirement for taking up or exercising an economic activity based on the location of their registered office;

(c) the requirement to have a local representative or a physical presence in that Member State in order to complete a procedure necessary to take up or exercise an economic activity or to obtain an authorisation;

(d) measures that deny the use of a payment account set up in another Member State for the purposes of completing a procedure necessary to take up or exercise an economic activity or obtaining an authorisation.

3. For the purpose of this Article, the following definitions shall apply:

(a) Authorisation means a formal or implied decision that is in law or in fact required from a competent authority in order to obtain access to an economic activity, exercise an economic activity or terminate it;

(b) Requirement means requirement as defined in Article 4 point 7) of Directive 2006/123/EC.

Council text (23 Oct 2026), changes marked

Non-discrimination and list of prohibited requirements

1. Unless it is objectively justified and proportionate, Member States shall treat EU Inc. companies registered in another Member State no less favourably than EU Inc. companies registered in their territory and other limited liability companies formed in accordance with their national law in any aspect of their economic activities and operations.

2. A Member State shall not adopt or maintain any of the following with regard to EU Inc. companies whose registered office is in another Member State:

(a) without prejudice to the Union State aid rules and the possibility of the Member States to require EU Inc. companies to have economic activity in the Member State as a precondition for having access to financial support, criteria that deny eligibility of those EU Inc. companies to public support in view of their place of headquarters in other Member States or that require those companies to dissolve and reestablish or to set up a subsidiary in order to become eligible;

(b) measures that impose an authorisation or other requirement for taking up or exercising an economic activity based on the location of their registered office;

(c) the requirement to have a local representative or a physical presence in that Member State in order to complete a procedure necessary to take up or exercise an economic activity or in order to obtain an authorisation;

(d) measures that deny the use of a payment account set up in another Member State for the purposes of completing a procedure necessary to take up or exercise an economic activity or obtaining an authorisation.

3. For the purpose of this Article, the following definitions shall apply:

(a) Authorisation means a formal or implied decision that is in law or in fact required from a national competent authority in order to obtain access to an economic activity, exercise an economic activity or terminate it;

(b) Requirement means requirement as defined in Article 4 point 7) of Directive 2006/123/EC.

3a. National sectoral law, except national sectoral law implementing Union sectoral law, shall comply with this Article. Accordingly, Article 1(3) shall not apply to this Article in the case of such national law.

(b)

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 103aWholly artificial arrangements

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Council: new

In plain words. Council addition: where an authority has serious doubts that an EU Inc. is a wholly artificial arrangement for abusive, fraudulent or criminal purposes, it may take measures case by case.

Not in the Commission proposal. Text added by the Council mandate (ST 14376/26):

1. Where a national competent authority has serious doubts indicating that the EU Inc. company operates as a wholly artificial arrangements for abusive or fraudulent purposes to evade or circumvent of Union or national law, or for criminal purposes, it may take measures on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration relevant facts and circumstances including through consultation of relevant authorities.

Chapter XII

Final provisions

Article 104Data protection

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Council: amended

The processing of any personal data carried out in the context of this Regulation shall be subject to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and to Regulation (EU) 2018/1725.

Council text (23 Oct 2026), changes marked

The processing of any personal data carried out in the context of this Regulation shall be subject to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and to Regulation (EU) 2018/1725, as applicable.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 105Accounting

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Council: amended

In plain words. Annual accounts follow the accounting law of the Member State of the registered office.

The EU Inc. shall be subject to the requirements of the applicable accounting law of the Member State in which its registered office is situated. However, Article 26 shall apply as regards the filing and public availability of accounting documents of the EU Inc.

Council text (23 Oct 2026), changes marked

The EU Inc. shall be subject to the requirements of the applicable accounting law, including national law implementing Directive 2013/34/EU and financial and sustainability reporting requirements, of the Member State in which its registered office is situated. However, Article 2627 shall apply as regards the filing and public availability of accounting documents of the EU Inc.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 106Penalties

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Council: amended

1. Member States shall provide for effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties at least in the case of:

(a) a failure to file the documents and information as required by Articles 25 (1), 40 (2), 82, 84 (2), 92 (4);

(b) a failure to update the filed documents and information and file changes within the periods laid down in Article 27;

(c) a failure to file and update the required information in the digital register of shares in accordance with Articles 54, 66 (2) and 67 (6);

(d) a false or misleading declaration as required by Articles 22 (1) and 84 (2) point (a).

2. Member States shall take all the measures necessary to ensure that the penalties referred to in the first paragraph are enforced.

Council text (23 Oct 2026), changes marked

1. Member States shall provide for effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties at least in the case of:for infringements of this Regulation.

(a) a failure to file the documents and information as required by Articles 25 (1), 40 (2), 82, 84 (2), 92 (4);

(b) a failure to update the filed documents and information and file changes within the periods laid down in Article 27;

(c) a failure to file and update the required information in the digital register of shares in accordance with Articles 54, 66 (2) and 67 (6);

(d) a false or misleading declaration as required by Articles 22 (1) and 84 (2) point (a).

2. Member States shall take all the measures necessary to ensure that the penalties referred to in the first paragraph 1 are enforced.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 107Committees

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Council: amended

1. The Commission shall be assisted by the Committee on Interconnection of Central, Commercial and Companies' Registers (‘the BRIS committee’). That committee shall be a committee within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011.

2. For Chapter X, the Commission shall be assisted by the committee (‘the insolvency committee’) established by Article 30 of Directive (EU) 2019/1023 of the European Parliament and of the Council . That committee shall be a committee within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 .

3. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.

Council text (23 Oct 2026), changes marked

1. The Commission shall be assisted by the Committee on Interconnection of Central, Commercial and Companies' Registers (‘the BRIS committee’). That committee shall be a committee within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011.

2. For Chapter X, the Commission shall be assisted by the committee (‘the insolvency committee’) established by Article 30 of Directive (EU) 2019/1023 of the European Parliament and of the Council . That committee shall be a committee within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 .

2a. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 182/2011 shall apply.

3. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 108Reporting and review

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Council: amended

1. The Commission shall, by [PO: the date five years after the date of application of this Regulation], carry out an evaluation of this Regulation and present a report on the main findings to the European Parliament, the Council and the European Economic and Social Committee. Member States shall provide the Commission with the information necessary for the preparation of the report.

The report of the Commission shall in particular evaluate the take up of the EU Inc. new legal form, how the EU Inc. companies were formed and how many were created through the EU central interface and with harmonised templates.

2. Every five years from [PO: the date five years after the date of application of this Regulation], the Commission shall review the amount referred to in Article 16(2) in line with the harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP) established pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/792 of the European Parliament and of the Council.

Council text (23 Oct 2026), changes marked

1. The Commission shall, by [PO: the date five years after the date of application of this Regulation], carry out an evaluation of this Regulation and present a report on the main findings to the European Parliament, the Council and the European Economic and Social Committee. Member States shall provide the Commission with the information necessary for the preparation of the report.

The report of the Commission shall in particular evaluate the take uptake-up of the EU Inc. new legal form, how the EU Inc. companies were formed and, how many were createdformed through the EU central interface, and how many were formed using the and with harmonised templates. The report shall also evaluate the thresholds in Article 79(1). The Commission shall consider whether other quantitative and, insofar as appropriate and feasible, qualitative criteria would achieve the policy aim in a proportionate and targeted manner.

2. Every five years from [PO: the date five years after the date of application of this Regulation], the Commission shall review the amount referred to in Article 16(2) in line with the harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP) established pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/792 of the European Parliament and of the Council.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Article 108aExercise of the delegation

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Council: new

Not in the Commission proposal. Text added by the Council mandate (ST 14376/26):

1. The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid down in this Article.

2. The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Article 7(5a) and Article 16(3) shall be conferred on the Commission for an indeterminate period of time from [date of entry into force of the basic legislative act set by the co-legislators].

3. The delegation of power referred to in Article 7(5a) and Article 16(3) may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council. A decision to revoke shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect on the day following the publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the European Union or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force.

4. Before adopting a delegated act, the Commission shall consult experts designated by each Member State in accordance with the principles laid down in the Interinstitutional Agreement on Better Law-Making of 13 April 2016.

5. As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to the European Parliament and to the Council.

6. A delegated act adopted pursuant to Article 7(5a) and Article 16(3) shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or by the Council within a period of two months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by two months at the initiative of the European Parliament or of the Council.

Article 109Entry into force and date of application

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Council: amended

In plain words. Commission: enters into force 20 days after publication in the Official Journal and applies from the last day of the 12th month after that. Council: the 21st month, and (in square brackets) Articles 24 and 30 to 32 not before 31 July 2028.

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

It shall apply from [PO: the last day of the 12th month after the date of entry into force of this Regulation)]. This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Council text (23 Oct 2026), changes marked

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

It shall apply from [PO: the last day of the 12th21st month after the date of entry into force of this Regulation)]. This Regulation[However, Articles 24 and 30-32 shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member Statesnot apply earlier than 31 July 2028.]

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex.

Annex I

Content of the articles of association

Council: amended and extended

The Commission Annex (minimum content of the articles of association) was published separately as ST 7498/26 ADD 1 and is not reproduced here. Below is the Council's Annex I with its markings against that Annex: Section 1 (mandatory content) and the new Section 2 (matters the articles may also regulate).

Council text (23 Oct 2026), changes marked

ANNEX I

CONTENT OF THE ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION OF AN EU INC. COMPANY

SECTION 1

MANDATORY CONTENT

Minimum content of the articles of association of an EU Inc. company

AnEach EU Inc. company shall have's articles of association thatshall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Regulation, cover at least the following particulars:

- the legal form;

- the name of the company;

- the addresstown or city and Member State of the registered office of the company, including the Member State where it shall be/is registered;

- the object of the company;

- the amount of capital, including where the amount of capital is EUR 0;

- the total number of shares issued,

- where the shares of the company have a nominal value, that value;

- the subscription of the first shares, including:

(i) the nature and value of any consideration for the shares; and

(ii) whetherif any part of the consideration is to be contributed to capital;

(iii) for any part of the consideration that is not a contribution to capital, the time by which the consideration is to be paid in accordance with Article 64(5);

(iv)- the identity of the founding shareholder(s);

- the identity of the first director(s);

- the number of directors and whether the board of directors has a chairperson, in accordance with Article 42;

- the date of beginning and end of the financial year.

SECTION 2

FURTHER CONTENT EXPRESSLY PERMITTED BY THIS REGULATION

The articles of association of an EU Inc. company may additionally regulate the following matters:

Chapter I

General principles

- the term of the company where this is limited, in accordance with Article 3;

- the method of communication between the EU Inc. and its shareholders where such communication is not fully online, in accordance with Article 10(2);

Chapter V

Organisation

– the rules concerning the organisation of the EU Inc. company and the conditions under which it is managed, including the establishment of any supervisory board, in accordance with Articles 42 and 42a. This includes, insofar as consistent with this Regulation:

- the composition and organisation of the board of directors beyond the mandatory content, such as the rules and procedures for its decisions, including any voting rule,

- where there is a supervisory board in accordance with Article 42a, the composition, organisation and relationship with the board of directors, the general meeting and any other company body, including any power to appoint and dismiss some or all directors;

- the establishment of any other company body, its composition and organisation, and its relationship with the board of directors, the general meeting and any other company body;

- the powers of the general meeting, the board of directors and any other company body, including the matters reserved for decision by one or more specific bodies, and including any power for the general meeting to give instructions to the board of directors;

- any eligibility criterion of directors or members of other company bodies, the procedure for appointing and dismissing directors or members of other company bodies and for their resignation;

- choice of court agreements relating to internal corporate disputes in accordance with Article 25 of Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 as well as mediation and arbitration agreements relating to such disputes;

– in accordance with Article 43, the rules on the representation of the EU Inc. company by its directors and any limitations on their powers,

– in accordance with Article 44, any additional duties of directors or members of other company bodies,

– in accordance with Article 45, any further rules or information requirements concerning conflicts of interest, and any empowerment of the supervisory board to authorise decisions in cases of conflict;

– in accordance with Article 46, the rules and specifications applying to related party transactions, including on requirements for the board of directors, general meeting or the directors or shareholders not involved in the transactions to approve or be informed of such transactions;

– in accordance with Articles 47 and 42, the manner in which the general meeting, meetings of the board of directors and meetings of other company bodies are held and votes are cast;

– in accordance with Articles 47a, the period to convene a meeting, the manner of issuing the convocation, and the threshold for shareholders to request such a convocation,

– in accordance with Article 47b, the rules on participation in the general meeting, on the agenda of the general meeting and on proposing resolutions,

– in accordance with Article 47c, alternative procedural rules on the conduct of the general meeting,

– in accordance with Article 48, provision for decisions of shareholders to be adopted without a meeting by means of written resolution and the manner of adopting such resolutions,

– in accordance with Articles 49 and 51, the quorum and majority requirements for the adoption of shareholder resolutions,

- in accordance with Article 52, any additional grounds for withdrawal;

Chapter VI

Shares

– in accordance with Article 53, whether the shares of the EU Inc. company are issued, recorded and transferred using distributed ledger technology or other digital solutions,

– in accordance with Article 55 and 57, the pecuniary and non-pecuniary rights and the obligations attached to the shares or different share classes, in particular the participation in the distribution of assets and profits of the company, if any, the votes attached to the shares, if any, and whether sub-division or consolidation of the shares is permitted and any applicable requirements;

– in accordance with Article 56(5), weaker or stronger rights for certain or all shareholders to examine the financial books of the company, including upon request;

– in accordance with Article 56(6) and (8), any lower threshold for for requesting the appointment of an independent expert to carry out an investigation, and any different rule on reimbursement of the company;

– in accordance with Article 57(2-3a), rights for a shareholder to vote differently on the same item using different shares or to vote on any resolution concerning a transaction between the company and the shareholder, and further provision for shares not to carry votes in certain matters or in any case;

– in accordance with Article 58, pre-emption rights, approval rights, restrictions and prohibitions on the transfer of shares, and any applicable requirements and procedures,

Chapter VII

Financing

- in accordance with Article 61, the nominal value of the shares where the shares have such a value;

- in accordance with Article 62, rules concerning reserves, including whether the EU Inc. company establishes reserves, the type of such reserves, the circumstances in which they are to be establishes and, subject in particular to Article 72, whether it is distributable;

- in accordance with Article 63, any further restrictions on the distribution of the EU Inc. company's assets;

- in accordance with Article 64(5), any requirement that the consideration be paid in a time period less than three years from the date of issuance or upon request;

- in accordance with Article 64(5a), any restriction or prohibition on the EU Inc. company from providing financial assistance, in particular by advancing funds, making loans or providing security, with a view to the acquisition of its shares by a third party;

– in accordance with Article 65(5), any waiving of the requirement for an expert’s report for certain or all in-kind considerations that are not to be contributed to capital;

– in accordance with Article 67, any authorisation for the board of directors to decide on the issuance of new shares up to a specified maximum number of shares and to restrict or exclude pre-emption rights, including any additional conditions for or restrictions on such authorisation;

– in accordance with Article 68, any authorisation for the board of directors to decide on the issuance of convertible instruments, warrants or other instruments entitling the holder to new shares up to a specified maximum number of new shares and to restrict or exclude pre-emption rights on such instruments, including any additional conditions for or restrictions on such authorisation;

– in accordance with Article 69, any restrictions or exclusions of pre-emptive rights on new shares or instruments entitling to new shares;

– in accordance with Article 71, any authorisation of the board of directors to decide on the increase of capital from reserves, including any conditions for or restrictions on such authorisation;

– in accordance with Article 72, any authorisation for the board of directors to decide on distributions, including any conditions for or restrictions on such authorisation;

– in accordance with Article 74, any authorisation for the board of directors to decide on the acquisition of the company’s own shares or on the acceptance of own shares as security up to a specified maximum number of shares, including any additional conditions for or restrictions on such authorisation;

– in accordance with Article 75, any authorisation for the board of directors to decide on the cancellation of the company’s own shares, including any additional conditions for or restrictions on such authorisation;

– in accordance with Article 77, any authorisation for the board of directors to decide on the reduction of capital for the sole purpose of covering losses that cannot be covered from other equity or for the purpose of increasing the capital at the same time at least by the amount of the reduction, including any additional conditions for or restrictions on such authorisation;

Added by the Council · Deleted by the Council · Source: ST 14376/26, Annex I.

How to cite

Cite the official documents, and link to this page for convenience. Each article has a stable anchor #art-N; numbered paragraphs have #art-N-pK.

Commission proposal COM(2026) 321 final, Art. 21(4); Council mandate ST 14376/26 of 19 October 2026, Art. 21. Annotated text: BCA EU, bcaeu.com/en/eu-inc/regulation#art-21 (version of 11 November 2026).

Short form in our articles: Art. 21 of the EU Inc proposal.

Sources and reuse

Text of the proposal and of the Council mandate © European Union, 2026, reproduced with attribution under the Commission reuse policy (Decision 2011/833/EU). Only the documents in the registers are authentic. Plain-words notes, badges and layout are by BCA EU.

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